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Chemically defined media differ from serum-free media in that bovine serum albumin or human serum albumin with either a chemically defined recombinant version which lacks the albumin associated lipids or synthetic chemical such as the polymer polyvinyl alcohol which can reproduce some of the functions of serums.
Selective media allows for the growth of specific organisms, while differential media is used to distinguish one organism from another. There are many types of media used in the studies of microbes. Two types of media with similar implying names but very different functions, referred to as selective and differential media, are defined as follows.
Selective media are used for the growth of only selected microorganisms. Media lacking an amino acid such as proline in conjunction with E. Selective growth media are also used in cell culture to ensure the survival or proliferation of cells with certain properties, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to synthesize a certain metabolite. Normally, the presence of a specific gene or an allele of a gene confers upon the cell the ability to grow in the selective medium. In such cases, the gene is termed a marker.
Selective growth media for eukaryotic cells commonly contain neomycin to select cells that have been successfully transfected with a plasmid carrying the neomycin resistance gene as a marker.
Gancyclovir is an exception to the rule as it is used to specifically kill cells that carry its respective marker, the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase HSV TK. Some examples of selective media include:. Non-selective versus selective media. While the plate on the right selectively only allows the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, to grow white dots.
Differential media or indicator media distinguish one microorganism type from another growing on the same media. This type of media is used for the detection of microorganisms and by molecular biologists to detect recombinant strains of bacteria.
Examples of differential media include:. Microbiologists rely on aseptic technique, dilution, colony streaking and spread plates for day-to-day experiments. Microbiologists have many tools, but four relatively simple techniques are used by microbiologists daily, these are outlined here. Aseptic technique or sterile technique is used to avoid contamination of sterile media and equipment during cell culture.
This technique involves using flame to kill contaminating organisms, and a general mode of operation that minimizes exposure of sterile media and equipment to contaminants. Serial Dilution : Example of Serial dilution of bacteria in five steps. The diluted bacteria were then spread plated. When working with cultures of living organisms, it is extremely important to maintain the environments in which cells are cultured and manipulated as free of other organisms as possible.
This means passing rims and lids through the flame produced by a Bunsen burner in order to kill microorganisms coming in contact with those surfaces. Sterile technique, in general, is a learned state-of-being, or mantra, where every utilization of any sterile material comes with the caveat of taking every precaution to ensure it remains as free of contaminants as possible for as long as possible.
A serial dilution is the step-wise dilution of a substance in solution. Usually the dilution factor at each step is constant, resulting in a geometric progression of the concentration in a logarithmic fashion. A ten-fold serial dilution could be 1 M, 0. A culture of microbes can be diluted in the same fashion. For a ten-fold dilution on a 1 mL scale, vials are filled with microliters of water or media, and microliters of the stock microbial solution are serially transferred, with thorough mixing after every dilution step.
The dilution of microbes is very important to get to microbes diluted enough to count on a spread plate described later. Streak plate : Four streak plates. Successful streaks lead to individual colonies of microbes. In microbiology, streaking is a technique used to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microorganism, often bacteria. Samples can then be taken from the resulting colonies and a microbiological culture can be grown on a new plate so that the organism can be identified, studied, or tested.
The streaking is done using a sterile tool, such as a cotton swab or commonly an inoculation loop. This is dipped in an inoculum such as a broth or patient specimen containing many species of bacteria.
The sample is spread across one quadrant of a petri dish containing a growth medium, usually an agar plate which has been sterilized in an autoclave. Choice of which growth medium is used depends on which microorganism is being cultured, or selected for.
Growth media are usually forms of agar, a gelatinous substance derived from seaweed. Spread plates are simply microbes spread on a media plate. Microbes are in a solution, and can be diluted. Sulav P. Problem 3 Easy Difficulty What is the difference between complete medium and minimal medium? Answer View Answer. Discussion You must be signed in to discuss.
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